I'm the oldest of three male urchins. Because I was the oldest, I got the more important jobs in the household. At about 12 years of age, I was promoted, and the next oldest sibling got my old job of taking the pipe wench outside, and using it to turn the antenna pole until the Chief, (spelled Dad) yelled that's good, no no back a bit, stop." It was 1964. There were three TV stations that operated until about midnight, and we watched it on a black and white TV. This was good because I had now graduated to the job of TV repairman PFC Bishop.
This job consisted of quietly watching the activities when the TV was not feeling well. The scenario was always the same. The TV lived in a custom built niche, and much like the Virgin Mary, the set was metaphorically worshiped nightly. When the TV broke, the Chief would extract it, and set it on the dining room table. Screws were removed, the back came off, and the plug was detached from the back, and plugged back into the set. The lights would be turned down, and the set was turned on. All available eyes would look at the tubes to see who would be the first to spot the tube that was not glowing. "Aha", would declare the Chief, that's the problem. The set would be unplugged, the tube extracted and put into my hands.
The job of the young TV repairman PFC Bishop was to ride my bike with tube in hand to a local convenience store where there was a tube tester very much like the one below. It was a heady responsibility. My keen eyes would study the pin pattern on the tube, and find the socket it fit into. Once in place, you would push a button labeled 'Test". The needle would stay in the red if it was bad. You didn't want it to go into the green since that meant a trip to the actual TV repairman to get it fixed, and no TV for a week. Almost always, the Chief''s diagnosis was on the money, and I returned with a new tube. The smallest urchin's job was to change, and tune the channels. It was a good thing remote controls were invented, for him at any rate.
Enough of the technological nostalgia. The truth is that unlike the old black and white TV, almost nothing made today that is electronic can be fixed when it breaks. When a higher tech product is new, you can buy replacement boards for it, but as a product ages it will quickly become obsolete, and manufacturers stop supporting it. The question is "How long does this take? The answer is "It's hard to tell exactly, but we do know that it is getting shorter all of the time, and sometimes it can be very short". This is where we start.
Products become obsolete for three reasons. The first is that technological advances render older products unattractive in the buyer's mind and sales diminish. The second is that components used to make the product are discontinued due to low demand, again driven by technological advances. The third is smaller innovative companies are not always successful for a variety of reasons, and they are either sold, or cease to exist.
A simple case in point about all of this are the two boxes you see above. These are relay boxes used to turn things on and off on a boat. They got their switching orders in life from sealed rubber membrane switch panels on the console.
In this case, the manufacturer sold the product line to another company, who promptly redesigned the product, and stopped manufacturing the old product. The boat was only a few years old when the box on the right failed. I found another box after hours of searching, and it was the last one in existence. When one of these boxes fails again, all of the stuff will have to be ripped out, and something new will have to be installed in its place, like regular switches or another module system. This will not be a simple or inexpensive task.
Imagine for just a moment that you had to replace all of the wiring on your new 60 footer. I shudder at even imagining how it could be done at all. Wiring that snakes up in-between panels, or under headliners. Miles of wire bundles going everywhere. But the good news is wire rarely ever goes bad, but being able to identify where a wire goes, and what it does can be an odious task. For most boats, if all of your wiring somehow was destroyed, most insurance companies would likely total a larger boat right on the spot.
The boat currently has zero 110VAC, which is useful for minor items such as refrigeration, entertainment systems, and lighting due to what appears to be an inverter failure. There's currently no documentation on any of wiring with the exception of the owners manual which has basic wiring diagrams for a boat that has no power distribution system. No information on the after market equipment installation or integration can be found yet, and the original installer is MIA. Two hours of searching the boat with the captain finally yielded the inverter location, behind a mini frig in the master stateroom.
There are two points to this discussion. The first is that the more sophisticated vessel systems become, the greater need for good technical documentation, and more sophistication begs the thought, "What is the realistic life span of the high tech systems, on your boat, and if they failed what could you replace it with, if the original equipment was no longer available?" For a power distribution system, major failure means no boat power at all.
So I'm not going to stick my neck out very far and make a good Vegas bet. The current average age of boats for sale is about 20 years old according to some data I have looked at. I know that in twenty years, or maybe even possibly in much less time the existing power distribution system will fail, or parts for it will no longer be available. Boat builders should know and plan for this, but I think this is not yet apparent to most.
All of the PDS wiring should be clearly labeled and terminated on blocks. Termination is now on proprietary connectors. Module locations need to documented, and placed in accessible locations where it's possible to do new interconnect wiring. Panels need to have the same requirements. System programming flowcharts, software code, and complete as built wiring diagrams, should be supplied to the owner upon delivery of the vessel. All gear should be off the shelf. Specially designed gear should be avoided if at all possible, and none of this "it's top secret" stuff please.
I don't want anyone to think that I don't like this type of technology, because I do. I just know that if builders don't plan for the inevitable, their buyers will pay a steep price for today's technology, tomorrow. By the way, I know wire isn't cheap when you buy it, but the long term warranty costs for it are very low when compared to the bleeding edge.
The photo of the tube tester was taken by Wikipedia user Steve Jurvetson
The increasing demand by owners of all types of equipment to be installed
ReplyDeletemakes traditional electrical systems very complicated, heavy and very difficult to expand.
The placement of additional wire is often more difficult than placement of the equipment. The major complaints expressed by installers of electrical / electronic against the builders is the insufficiency of cabling room !
While the common electrical wire is almost never the source of failures, as well as quite seldom is a common switch, the needs to protect and isolate sections of the system, control functions just more complicated than simple ON / OFF has forced manufacturers increasingly massive use of equipment derived from those for domestic use. This has certainly not helped either safety or system reliability.
The boat system documentation is a flaw of many builders, perhaps even a majority.
For my part so far, the only yacht builder with full documentation that I have seen is Hallberg Rassy, where for a full equipped 54' the whole documentation weighs about 20 kg (55 lbs) and occupies 70 cm (2 ' 4'') on the bookshelf
The use of digital distribution systems is the only way, allready used by the vehicle builders, which allows you to easily overcome all these problems, although full documentation is useless for the majority of electricians, for the same reason why today it is not attached to any type of electronic equipment.
E-plex (on your pictures), in his initial life has had many reliability issues, and perhaps more documentation would had help, but in hindsight it is easy to criticize.
We all consider the mobile phone, Internet and the GPS-map, but in reality their user manual, if it exists, is not the best way to learn to use them ! (or at least the normal way followed )
For these types of systems is the same thing: the important thing is not knowing how it works internally, but only logically, so you can figure out how to adapt the system to more modern module/units/systems. Unfortunately this is not even easy to do (and put it on aper) by manufacturers and in particular by the relatively small because the knowledge you need go far beyond those of 'normal electrician' employd by boat builders and also often beyond those of themselves yacht engineers/designers.
I hope I have explained well and not making you laugh with my poor English
Respect
Claudio
Good comments Claudio, and you're correct. The other point I was trying to make was when the E-Plex fails, or becomes obsolete, what level of effort would it take to replace it? In this case I am amassing documentation that would allow replacement of the system in the future with something else if needed. Hopefully this won't have to happen, but it is apparent that the builder never anticipated this event would, or could occur, and I think they should have, given the importance of this system to the vessel. If you had to replace it with something new, and had no documentation you would would spend endless hours with a power supply, fox and hound, volt meter, and other gadgets trying to figure what the wiring was actually connected to, if you could find all of the modules. In this boat there are about 40 modules.
ReplyDeletewell:
ReplyDeletewith a well done logical draw, added with a complete schematics you can easy figure out how to replace/rewire such system with a modern (but similar) one.
If it is a simple system one can also think of rewiring in the traditional way, but in a system rather complicated this becomes difficult to impossible.
The really problem is software (system configuration): in a broken system it is not possible to figure out which switch controls that light or pump or who knows what, worse in the presence of touch-screen.
This logical functions are very difficult to put on paper, specially if posponed.
But again in a well done project, the designer put on paper the list of required functions, and the engineer put logical references and makes any additions to the list.
Unfortunately, this part, even if it exist, normally isn't part of the documentation.
If the E-Plex equipped boatowner is afraid of future problems can easily generate this kinf of list, then we (you !) have to add the connections ... and mark the wires !
E-Plex isn't my system, but hope the new UK E-Plex company can help you on it.
I know the problem, I think in this way, but not everyone is like me!
Claudio
Italy
In engineering we have laws. Everyone knows Murphys law, but this post reminds me of Heglands Law which states:
ReplyDelete"95% of all problems are related to bad connections and the other 95% are software related..."